Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of drugs that are used in the treatment of heartburn, gastric ulcers and various acid related disorders. They work by decreasing gastric acid production.
List of PPI drugs:
Examples of available PPI medications include:
*Note: All the generic names of this drug class end in the suffix “prazole”.
In the stomach there is an enzyme system that regulates and causes acid secretion by the cells lining the stomach, this system is also known as (proton pump). This system will facilitate acid secretion by transporting hydrogen ions into the stomach.
Proton pump inhibitors act by reducing gastric acid production by blocking hydrogen- potassium and adenosine triphosphate enzyme system (the proton pump) of the parietal cells.
Generally, proton pump inhibitors are used in the prevention and treatment of various gastric disorders, including:
►Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
►Dyspepsia (indigestion)
►Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
►Duodenal ulcers
►NSAIDs associated gastric ulcers
►Helicobacter pylori infection
These drugs may cause some unwanted effects. Common side effects caused by proton pump inhibitors include:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Hyperglycemia
Uncommon and rare side effects may include:
- Hallucination
- Confusion
- Vertigo
- Gynecomastia (enlargement of the breast tissue in men)
- Liver disorders
Patients with the following conditions should consult a doctor before using any of these drugs:
PPI drugs can form drug-drug interactions with the following medications:
- Antifungals
- Clopidogrel
- Diazepam
- Digoxin
- Hypomagnesemia-causing drugs
- Iron supplements
- Phenytoin
- Sucralfate
- Tacrolimus
- Theophylline
1. Kizior, R.J. and Hodgson, B.B. (2018). Saunders nursing drug handbook 2019. Philadelphia: Saunders.
2. British Medical Association (2015). British Medical Association new guide to medicine & drugs. London: Dorling Kindersley
3. Joint formulary committee, BNF 80 (The British National Formulary), 80th revised edition, Pharmaceutical Press, London, United Kingdom, [2020]
4. Winter, H., Moore, S.W., Boesen, K. and Boesen, C. (2017). Complete guide to prescription & nonprescription drugs, 2018-2019. New York: Tarcherperigee, An Imprint Of Penguin Random House Llc.
Mebeverine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic drug, it is used to relief intestinal crumps and bloating
UTI in men tends to be less common compared to women due to the anatomical differences, (the length of the urethra is 20 cm in men in but 5 cm in women)
This article focuses on the side effects of the drug as well as lisinopril warnings. Click here to read about the most common, common, and rare side effects of this medication.
Dosage guide of Lisinopril: Click to read about the dose for your specific condition and age group.
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