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Verapamil Side Effects

1. Overview

Verapamil belongs to a group of drugs calcium channel blockers. It acts by blocking calcium influx into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells causing blood vessels relaxation.

Verapamil is used mainly in treatment of hypertension, angina and arrhythmias.

2. Verapamil side effects

Verapamil can cause dizziness, so you should avoid the activities that requires alertness (e.g. driving) until you find out how it affects you. Sometimes it is important to tell your doctor if you experience any of these side effects.

3. Common side effects

The most common side effects of the drug are:

  • Swelling of ankle
  • Light-headedness
  • Headache
  • Constipation
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Hypotension

4. Rare side effects

Rare side effects of atenolol may include:

  • Bradycardia
  • Dizziness
  • Skin irritation (dermatitis)
  • Rash
  • Gynaecomastia (breast enlargement in males)

5. Side effects associated with intravenous use

The most common is bradycardia (slowing of the heart rate), other symptoms may include:

  • Cardiac arrest
  • liver impairment
  • hyperhidrosis
  • myocardial contractility decreased
  • nervousness
  • seizure

6. Side effects associated with oral use

  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Irregular heart beat
  • Constipation
  • Alopecia (patchy baldness)
  • Fatigue
  • Heart failure

7. Overdose symptoms

Verapamil has cardiac depressant effect in overdose, which leads to rapid ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation, sever hypotension, bradycardia, heart block, asystole, heart failure and heart block.

References

1. Kizior, R.J. and Hodgson, B.B. (2018). Saunders nursing drug handbook 2019. Philadelphia: Saunders.

2. British Medical Association (2015). British Medical Association new guide to medicine & drugs. London: Dorling Kindersley.

3. Joint formulary committee, BNF 80 (The British National Formulary), 80th Revised edition, Pharmaceutical Press, London, United Kingdom, [2020]

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